as masked, 297, 301 in medicine, 224, 225, 307–8, 329 Mercurianism of, 218, 237, 247, 255 migration of, 341, 354–59, 370 migration of to cities, 2, 206, 210, 211, 212–13, 216–19, 222, 223, 224, 238, 243 migration of to Israel, 357 migration of to Palestine, 266–69 migration of to United States, 207, 210–11, 213–15, 260–66, 357, 358–59, 368 in military, 225 and modernity, 237 names of, 298 nationality of, 246, 248–49, 274, 289, 294, 297, 298, 299, 336, 337 national republic for, 248–49, 274 and Nazi invasion, 286–97, 360 normalization of, 252, 253 and nuclear physics, 307 occupations of, 218–21, 223–24, 237, 369 origins of, 331 and Palestine, 267 and poetry, 225 and polemics, 225 as political elite, 251–52, 272–75 political loyalty of, 224 population of in cities, 329, 330 in professions, 224, 225, 226, 237, 301–8, 309, 314, 329, 330, 335, 336 purge of, 297–315, 318, 329 regrets of, 344 restrictions on, 223 revolutionary nature of, 251–52 and Russian nationalism, 277–86, 288, 322 Russian nationalist accounts of, 360–61