297–315, 318, 329, 331, 335–42, 355, 360 in arts, 224, 225, 226, 329 assimilation of, 300 in athletics, 226 and bourgeoisie, 218, 219, 225, 299 in Cheka, 177, 304, 360 childhood memories of, 256–57 as cultural elite, 225–42 and culture, 225–42, 252, 302, 336 dachas of, 256–57, 317 dissident, 342, 344–45 education of, 222–23, 224–25, 231, 232–34, 243, 252, 262, 274, 329–30, 335–36, 355, 356 as entrepreneurs, 218, 220 ethnicity of, 301 as exemplary Soviets, 250 and family, 256, 288 as farmers, 248–49 in foreign service, 255 and Germans in Russian Empire, 237 and Great Terror, 271–75 as heroes, 290–92, 293 humiliation of, 339 as intelligentsia, 224, 230, 233, 234, 237, 238–39, 256–57, 272–73, 297, 335, 340 and Israel, 338, 352–55, 357 in Jewish nationalist history, 360, 361 as Jews by blood, 286–88, 295, 301 in law, 224, 301–2 learning of, 222 liberalism of, 338 literacy of, 222–23, 224, 252 Marxism of, 247, 248, 301