Apol-lonianism in, 209 Arabs in, 209 as dream, 215 history in, 267 Jewish brotherhood in, 212–13 Jewish identification with, 318 language in, 213 messianism in, 268 migration to, 2, 210, 211, 212, 266–69 Russian culture in, 213 Russian emigration to, 149 socialism in, 209, 267 and Soviet Union, 268, 269 State of Israel in, 294–97 Zionism in, 104, 209, 268. See also Israel; Israel, State of; Zionism Palestinians, 31 Para-Romani languages, 16–17 parents. See family; father Parsis, 6–7, 13, 16, 20–21, 26, 29, 30–31 Pasmanik, D. S., 184 Pasternak, Boris, 343 Pasternak, Leonid, 126, 134 pastoral society, 4, 7, 23, 28, 54, 111 patriarchy, 25, 96, 144. See also father Patriotic War of 1812, 281 Pauker, Ana, 314 peasants: and anti-Semitism, 289 and civil war, 173 and culture, 282 and equality, 111 Gorky on, 163 vs. Jewish success, 154 Lenin on, 163