Brandenberger, National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931–1956 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002). 102. Kopelev, I sotvoril , 141, 143, 149. Cf. Kopelev, The Education , 114, 116, 122. 103. Slutskii, Izbrannaia lirika , 30. 104. Samoilov, Perebiraia , 188. 105. Ibid., 196, 202. 106. Ibid., 205. 107. Ibid., 204. 108. Margarita Aliger, “Tvoia pobeda,” Znamia , no. 9 (1945): 1–28. 109. Kopelev, I sotvoril , 130; Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire , 449–51. 110. N. V. Petrov and A. B. Roginskii, “ ‘Pol’skaia operatsiia’ NKVD 1937–1938 gg.,” in Repressii protiv poliakov i pol’skikh grazhdan (Moscow: Zven’ia, 1997), 36. 111. Grossman, “Ukraina bez evreev,” in Na evreiskie temy , 2:335. 112. Quoted in Nedava, Trotsky and the Jews , 11–12. 113. Evreiskii antifashistskii komitet v SSSR, 1941–1948: Dokumentirovannaia istoriia (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1996), 46. 114. Grossman, Zhizn’ i sud’ba , 57, based on Grossman, Life and Fate , 86–87. 115. Grossman, Zhizn’ i sud’ba , 62; Grossman, Life and Fate , 94. On the effect of World War II on Soviet ideology and collective identities, including Jewishness, see Weiner, Making Sense of War , esp. 207– 8. 116. Grossman, “Ukraina bez evreev”; Weiner, Making Sense of War , 273–74, 191–93; the quotation is on 270. 117. Weiner, Making Sense of War , 209–27. 118. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 35–47. The translation is based on Shimon Redlich, ed., War, Holocaust and Stalinism: A Documented Study of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR (Luxembourg: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995), 173–83. 119. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika , 230–31; Evreiskii antifashistskii , 30–35, 56–61, 179. 120. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika , 236–42; Evreiskii antifashistskii , 184–236; Redlich, War , 73–93. 121. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 72; translation based on Redlich, War , 221. 122. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 102; cf. Redlich, War , 210. 123. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 113; cf. Redlich, War , 238. On universal and particular suffering in wartime Soviet Union, see Weiner, Making Sense of War , esp. 209–16. 124. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 114; cf. Redlich, War , 239. 125. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 93. 126. Ibid., 136–39; Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika , 428–41. 127. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika , 429–30; Markish, Stol’ dolgoe vozvrashchenie , 172; Nepravednyi sud. Poslednii stalinskii rasstrel (stenogramma sudebnogo protsessa nad chlenami Evreiskogo antifashistskogo komiteta) (Moscow: Nauka, 1994), 28. 128. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 284–85; cf. Redlich, War , 380. 129. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 283–87; cf. Redlich, War , 382–83. 130. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 290; Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika , 405. 131. Evreiskii antifashistskii , 273, 294. 132. Ibid., 302; Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika , 406–7, 413–14; Sovetsko-izrail’skie otnosheniia: Sbornik dokumentov (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 2000), vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 400. 133. Nepravednyi sud , 33, 89. 134. Ibid., 147, 150.