in Joyce, 77 and Marxism, 148 and Mercurianism, 24, 27–28, 29, 30–35 and modernity, 136, 137 nationalism of, 37 in Palestine, 209 and Roth, 317, 351 in Russian Empire, 106, 107 of Russian Federation, 361 of Russian Jewish intelligentsia, 140 and Samoilov, 281 in Soviet Union, 209, 237, 238, 254, 255 of State of Israel, 328, 364 of Trotsky, 265 in Zionism, 149, 212, 269 Aptekman, O. V., 146–47 Arabs, 31, 209, 365 Aramaic, 18, 20 Arany, Janós, 97 Arendt, Hannah, 77, 99 Armenian Amira, 6 Armenian Dashnaks, 273 Armenian Gregorians, 34 Armenians, 5, 6, 20, 121 corporate kinship among, 34 as entrepreneurs, 30 extermination of, 38 homeland of, 8 literacy among, 29 as models for modernity, 30 Ottoman massacres of, 166 as professionals, 30 revolutionary, 152