University of Washington Press, 1997), esp. editors’ introductions; Joel Kotkin, Tribes: How Race, Religion, and Identity Determine Success in the New Global Economy (New York: Random House, 1993), 170–80; Thomas Sowell, Migrations and Cultures: A World View (New York: Basic Books, 1996); Edgar Wickberg, “Localism and the Organization of Overseas Migration in the Nineteenth Century,” in Cosmopolitan Capitalists , ed. Gary G. Hamilton (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999), 35–55; Yuanli Wu and Chun-hsi Wu, Economic Development in Southeast Asia: The Chinese Dimension (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1980); Linda Y. C. Lim and L. A. Peter Gosling, eds., The Chinese in Southeast Asia , vols. 1 and 2 (Singapore: Maruzen Asia, 1983); Lynn Pan, Sons of the Yellow Emperor: A History of the Chinese Diaspora (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1990), 23–152; Agehananda Bharati, The Asians in East Africa: Jayhind and Ururu (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1972), 11–22, 36, 42–116; Pierre L. van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon (New York: Praeger, 1987), 135–56; Dana April Seidenberg, Mercantile Adventurers: The World of East African Asians, 1750–1985 (New Delhi: New Age International, 1996); Albert Hourani and Nadim Shehadi, eds., The Lebanese in the World: A Century of Emigration (London: Center for Lebanese Studies, 1992); William K. Crowley, “The Levantine Arabs: Diaspora in a New World,” Proceedings of the Association of American Geographers 6 (1974): 137–42; R. Bayly Winder, “The Lebanese in West Africa,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 4 (1961–62): 296–333; H. L. van der Laan, The Lebanese Traders in Sierra Leone (The Hague: Mouton, 1975). 5. Norman O. Brown, Hermes the Thief: The Evolution of a Myth (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1947); Marcel Detienne and Jean-Pierre Vernant, Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society (Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1978); Laurence Kahn, Hermès passe ou les ambiguités de la communication (Paris: François Maspero, 1978); W. B. Stanford, The Ulysses Theme: A Study in Adaptability of a Traditional Hero (Dallas: Spring Publications, 1992). 6. George Gmelch and Sharon Bohn Gmelch, “Commercial Nomadism: Occupation and Mobility among Travellers in England and Wales,” in Rao, The Other Nomads , 134; Matt T. Salo, “The Gypsy Niche in North America: Some Ecological Perspectives on the Exploitation of Social Environments,” in Rao, The Other Nomads , 94; Judith Okely, The Traveller-Gypsies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 58–60; Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade , 70; Clifford Geertz, Peddlers and Princes: Social Change and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), 43–44; Mark Zborowski and Elizabeth Herzog, eds., Life Is with People: The Culture of the Shtetl (New York: Schocken Books, 1952), 62; Armstrong, Nations before Nationalism , 42; Daniel J. Elazar, “The Jewish People as the Classic Diaspora,” in Modern Diasporas in International Politics , ed. Gabriel Sheffer (London: Croom Helm, 1986), 215. 7. Brian L. Foster, “Ethnicity and Commerce,” American Ethnologist 1, no. 3 (August 1974): 441. See also Cristina Blanc Szanton, “Thai and Sino-Thai in Small Town Thailand: Changing Patterns of Interethnic Relations,” in Lim and Gosling, The Chinese in Southeast Asia , 2:99–125. 8. Benjamin Nelson, The Idea of Usury: From Tribal Brotherhood to Universal Otherhood (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969); Max Weber, Ancient Judaism (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1952): 338–45; Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade , 5–6; Alejandro Portes, “Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Immigration: A Conceptual Overview,” in The Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship , ed. Alejandro Portes (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1995), 14; L. A. Peter Gosling, “Changing Chinese Identities in Southeast Asia: An Introductory Review,” in Lim and Gosling, The Chinese in Southeast Asia , 2:4. For an excellent discussion including two quotations above (and many more), see Mark Granovetter, “The Economic Sociology of Firms and Entrepreneurs,” in Portes, The Economic Sociology of Immigration . 9. Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), 119; Casajus, “Crafts and Ceremonies,” 303; de Vos and Wagatsuma, Japan’s Invisible Race , 231; Werner Sombart, The Jews and Modern Capitalism (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1913), 138; Gmelch, “Groups That Don’t Want In,” 322–23. 10. Joseph C. Berland, “Kanjar Social Organization,” in Rao, The Other Nomads , 253; Gmelch, “Groups That Don’t Want In,” 320–21; Anne Sutherland, “The Body as a Social Symbol among the Rom,” in The Anthropology of the Body , ed. John Blacking (London: Academic Press, 1977), 376.

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