Yiddish is a Germanic language according to the essentials of grammar and basic vocabulary; what makes it unique within the family is the history of its emergence and functioning. 25. Matras, “Para-Romani Revisited,” 21; Yaron Matras, “The Romani Element in German Secret Languages,” in Matras, The Romani Element , 193–94; Hancock, “Recovering Pidgin Genesis,” 290. 26. Weinreich, History of the Yiddish Language , 199, 605. 27. Luhrmann, The Good Parsi , 47–59. 28. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict , 168–69. 29. Michael J. Casimir, “In Search of Guilt: Legends on the Origin of the Peripatetic Niche,” in Rao, The Other Nomads , 373–90; Olesen, “Peddling in East Afghanistan,” 36; Okely, The Traveller-Gypsies , 216. 30. Lancaster and Lancaster, “The Function of Peripatetics,” 319. 31. Van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon , 143. See also Bonacich, “A Theory of Middleman Minorities,” 586. 32. On “corporate kinship,” see William G. Davis, Social Relations in a Philippine Market: Self-Interest and Subjectivity (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973), 199–200; and Granovetter, “The Economic Sociology,” 143–46. 33. Sutherland, “The Body,” 377–78; Matt T. Salo, “Gypsy Ethnicity: Implications of Native Categories and Interaction for Ethnic Classification,” Ethnicity 6 (1979): 78–79; Ignacy-Marek Kaminski, “The Dilemma of Power: Internal and External Leadership. The Gypsy-Roma of Poland,” in Rao, The Other Nomads , 332–34. 34. Bharati, The Asians in East Africa , 42, 149; van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon , 147–53. 35. Van der Laan, The Lebanese Traders , 228–30, 241–44. The quotation is from 229. 36. Ivan H. Light, Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1972), 45–61, 81–100; Linda Y. C. Lim, “Chinese Economic Activity in Southeast Asia: An Introductory Review,” in Lim and Gosling, The Chinese in Southeast Asia , 1:5; Eitzen, “Two Minorities,” 230; Pan, Sons of the Yellow Emperor , 111–27. 37. Granovetter, “The Economic Sociology,” 143; see also Bonacich, “A Theory of Middleman Minorities,” 586–87; and van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon , 139–44. 38. Quoted in Albert S. Lindemann, Esau’s Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 5. 39. Luhrmann, The Good Parsi , 50. 40. Berland, “Kanjar Social Organization,” 249; Gmelch, “Groups That Don’t Want In,” 314; Maurice Samuel, The World of Sholom Aleichem (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1943), 131. 41. Detienne and Vernant, Cunning Intelligence , 47–48. 42. Berland, “Kanjar Social Organization,” 249. 43. Gmelch, “Groups That Don’t Want In,” 314. 44. Jacob Katz, Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation, 1770–1870 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973), 22. 45. Cf. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism , 103–9; Kotkin, Tribes , passim. 46. Luhrmann, The Good Parsi , 91–95, 119; Jamsheed K. Choksy, Evil, Good, and Gender: Facets of the Feminine in Zoroastrian Religious History (New York: Peter Lang, 2002), 109. 47. Dario A. Euraque, “The Arab-Jewish Economic Presence in San Pedro Sula, the Industrial Capital of Honduras: Formative Years, 1880s–1930s,” in Arab and Jewish Immigrants in Latin America: Images and Realities , ed. Ignacio Klich and Jeffrey Lesser (London: Frank Cass, 1998), 95, 109; Clark S. Knowlton, “The Social and Spatial Mobility of the Syrian and Lebanese Community in São Paulo, Brazil,” in Hourani and Shehadi, The Lebanese in the World , 292–93, 302–3; David Nicholls, “Lebanese of the Antilles: Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Trinidad,” in Hourani and Shehadi, The Lebanese in the World , 339–60; Crowley, “The Levantine Arabs,” 139; Nancie L. Gonzalez, Dollar, Dove, and Eagle: One Hundred Years of Palestinian Migration to Honduras (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992), 93–100; Amy