TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) Lesotho Malaysia Mexico 1 Geopolitical contestation of resources 1 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Collapse of services and public 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Proliferation of illicit economic activity infrastructure 3 Digital inequality 3 Debt crises 2 Prolonged economic stagnation 4 Collapse of a systemically important industry 4 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 State collapse 5 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 5 Human-made environmental damage 4 Erosion of social cohesion 5 Severe commodity supply crises Liberia Mongolia 1 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Severe commodity price shocks 1 Debt crises 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Prolonged economic stagnation 2 Human-made environmental damage 3 Prolonged economic stagnation 5 Failure of cybersecurity measures 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Employment and livelihood crises 4 Employment and livelihood crises Mali 5 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 1 Geopolitical contestation of resources 5 Interstate conflict 2 Employment and livelihood crises Lithuania Montenegro 1 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Interstate conflict 4 Terrorist attacks 2 Geoeconomic confrontation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 3 Prolonged economic stagnation 4 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Failure of climate-change adaptation Malta 5 Severe commodity supply crises 1 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Human-made environmental damage 2 Human-made environmental damage 5 Severe commodity supply crises Luxembourg 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Debt crises 2 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Employment and livelihood crises 3 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Digital inequality Morocco 4 Severe commodity supply crises 1 Cost-of-living crisis Mauritius 5 Geoeconomic confrontation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Debt crises 2 Severe commodity price shocks Malawi 1 Debt crises 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Severe commodity supply crises 2 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather 5 Debt crises events 3 Prolonged economic stagnation 5 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Failure of climate-change adaptation Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 85