protocols as part of our CSD program. Through this process, we’ve identified more than 17,000 chemicals and applications. These efforts contribute to a safer work environment for people across our supply chain. Assessment and management The data we collect on chemicals and materials forms the foundation for key decisions that have an impact on our product designs, manufacturing processes, and approach to recycling and reuse. This data enables us to establish requirements for our suppliers, including those set out in our Regulated Substances Specification (RSS) and the Restricted Chemicals for Prolonged Skin Contact Materials list . These requirements provide clear guidelines on potentially harmful materials, including those that are restricted. Our assessment system helps to ensure that only materials that meet our stringent requirements are used in Apple products. At our Environmental Testing Lab, we evaluate the safety of our products and materials through chemical analyses. Our chemists test materials for safety and monitor compliance with our specifications. In fiscal year 2021, we performed toxicological assessments on 1000 new materials to proactively evaluate and eliminate potentially harmful substances from our products. Both the data we gather on chemicals and our rigorous assessments allow us to make informed decisions and manage chemicals, for the safety of those who use, make, and recycle our products. Comprehensive chemical mapping Understanding chemical ingredients leads to better materials for Apple products Through our Full Material Disclosure (FMD) program, manufacturers share chemical ingredients used to make materials with Apple. With FMD data, Apple evaluates the chemicals in materials against restrictions. Data helps Apple suppliers manage chemicals when making Apple products Information on how chemicals are used, how they’re stored, and how employees are protected is shared with Apple by suppliers through our Chemical Safety Disclosure (CSD) program. CSD data informs and prioritizes supplier engagement, helping to ensure rigorous chemical management practices and adoption of safer alternatives. Apple customers benefit from use of products made with safer ingredients The FMD and CSD programs help support creation of best-in-class products in a responsible manner for our customers. Mapping chemicals Mapping chemicals throughout product throughout product development leads to development leads to better, better, safer products safer products Read more about our commitment to using safer materials to create safer products in our 2022 Environmental Progress Report Innovation The work we do in mapping, assessing, and managing the chemicals within our supply chain underpins our innovations. We rely on detailed information on the material properties, including toxicological data and environmental performance characteristics. We also look at how these materials are used at each point in the product life cycle, from design, to manufacturing, to end-of-life. This allows us to seek out and support the development of safer chemistries that have an impact on each phase — and contribute to continually improving the overall safety of our products and processes. Since the late 1990s, we have diligently identified and removed potentially harmful chemicals from our products, such as brominated flame retardants, beryllium, mercury, and lead. We’re also driving the use of safer process chemicals in our supply chain: Since 2018, all our final assembly sites have used only safer alternative cleaners and degreasers. As we work toward minimizing potentially harmful chemistries in our products and processes, we’re making the transition to safer alternatives accessible to others through industry initiatives, partnerships, and standards with the hope of driving chemical safety across the industry. Appendix Governance Communities Suppliers Customers Our People Environment Introduction Apple’s 2022 ESG Report 21