risk impacting natural ecosystems in new ways, restoring 30% of the planet’s degraded ecosystems. with limited opportunity to “昀椀eld-test” results. The These signi昀椀cant steps con昀椀rm that the global urgency of climate change mitigation is incentivizing community recognizes that the risks associated the deployment of new technologies, potentially with nature loss, food production, energy generation with less stringent testing and protocols. Carbon and climate change cannot be fully mitigated in removal technologies will be particularly essential to isolation. However, the translation into public- and achieve a net zero world if anthropogenic emissions private-sector action remains to be seen, particularly do not suf昀椀ciently decline, or emissions from natural given limited progress on previous biodiversity – and resources continue to increase. Gene editing to climate – targets to date. enhance natural carbon capture productivity, 23 geoengineering for carbon removal, and solar Although the relationship between climate and nature radiation management all pose major future risks heightens the likelihood of a series of escalating and – from enhanced water stress, nutrient “robbing” potentially irreversible feedback loops, it can equally and redistribution of diseases to termination shock be leveraged to broaden the impact of risk mitigation and the weaponization of stratospheric aerosol activities. Given increasing 昀椀nancial and capacity 24 technologies. Unintended consequences relating to trade-offs, investment in resilience must focus technological “edits” to the atmosphere, biosphere, on solutions that build preparedness for multiple hydrosphere and geosphere can occur at speed, risks. By restoring biodiversity in soils, for example, raising the risk of accidental extinction events. regenerative agriculture has the potential to store large amounts of carbon. Acting today A focus on biodiversity preservation should drive and prioritize local adaptation and community resilience – and in doing so, contribute to the mitigation of Averting tipping points requires a combination of climate change globally. Altered land management conservation efforts, interventions to transform the practices like afforestation, micro-irrigation and food system, accelerated and nature-positive climate agroforestry are a low-cost way to increase resilience mitigation strategies, and changes to consumption to extreme weather. The protection and restoration and production patterns. This involves realigning of marine biodiversity, such as mangrove systems, incentives and upgrading governance structures, can enhance rather than compete with domestic fueled by better data and tools to capture the food web productivity and security. It can also interdependencies of food, climate, energy and support local industries and livelihoods and provide ecosystems. protection from extreme weather. Such activities also produce co-bene昀椀ts at a global level, such There are already initial signs of shifts in this as enhancing carbon sequestration and climate direction. The increasing visibility and in昀氀uence of regulation, offering potential revenue streams for multilateral and market-led initiatives such as the developing nations in the form of carbon credits. Taskforce for Nature-related Financial Disclosures Similarly, scaling up practices such as biocultural (TFND) set to launch later this year, are positive preservation, indigenous community management developments. The 15th Conference of Parties to and integration of traditional knowledge into the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD COP15) food production and cultivation can provide dual 25 resulted in the Montreal-Kunming agreement, setting socioeconomic and environmental bene昀椀ts. out new global targets for 2030 such as reforming environmentally damaging subsidy systems and Global Risks Report 2023 34